Which processing method involves perceiving by noticing separate defining features and building a recognizable pattern?

The method that involves perceiving by noticing separate defining features and building a recognizable pattern is known as bottom-up processing. This form of processing begins with the sensory input, where an individual starts with raw data and progressively works towards a full perception by integrating the basic elements. For instance, when looking at a new object, one might first recognize specific features such as color or shape before synthesizing these characteristics into a complete understanding of what the object is.

In contrast to this, top-down processing relies on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations to interpret sensory information, often leading to quicker interpretations based on context rather than the raw data itself. Contextual processing, while related to how context can influence perception, does not specifically focus on the component features of a stimuli and their integration into a whole. Perceptual organization is a broader term that includes various principles of how we group visual elements, but it doesn't emphasize the process of starting with individual features as prominently as bottom-up processing does. Thus, bottom-up processing is the most fitting description for the method described in the question.