Which process refers to how sensory input is transformed into a representation for storage in memory?

The process that refers to how sensory input is transformed into a representation for storage in memory is encoding. This involves the initial processing of information whereby the brain translates sensory data into a format that can be stored and later recalled. Encoding can include various techniques such as associating new information with existing knowledge, organizing information into manageable units, and associating it with emotions or context to facilitate memory retention.

In contrast, rehearsal pertains to the active process of repeatedly practicing or reviewing information to enhance memory retention. Chunking involves breaking down large amounts of information into smaller, more manageable groups, which can help with the encoding but is not the primary process of transforming sensory input. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing and bringing stored information back into awareness, which occurs after encoding has taken place. Thus, while all these processes are involved in memory function, encoding specifically addresses the transformation of sensory input into stored representations.