Which of the following processes enhances the amount of information that can be remembered in short-term memory?

Chunking is the correct answer because it refers to the cognitive process of grouping separate pieces of information into larger, more manageable units or "chunks." This method allows individuals to organize information more effectively and make it easier to remember a greater amount of data within the limited capacity of short-term memory. For example, when trying to remember a long string of numbers, such as 1492177619, breaking it down into chunks (e.g., 1492-1776-19) can significantly enhance recall.

Massed learning, in contrast, involves studying material in a single, extended session without breaks, which is often less effective for retention compared to distributed practice. Storage generally pertains to how information is maintained over time rather than the immediate enhancement of short-term memory. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information, which, while important for memory recall, does not necessarily increase the amount of information remembered initially in short-term memory. Thus, chunking stands out as the technique that actively enhances short-term memory by improving information organization and recall.