Which of the following is NOT one of the proven strategies for constructing meaning while reading?

Phonemic awareness focuses on the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in words, which is primarily a skill related to the development of reading and spelling. While it is a crucial foundational skill in early literacy, it does not directly involve strategies for constructing meaning from text during reading.

In contrast, asking questions, making inferences, and summarizing are strategies that actively enhance comprehension by guiding readers to engage with the text, fill in gaps in understanding, and consolidate information. These strategies help readers to connect with the material on a deeper level, interpreting and reflecting on the content to construct personal meaning. Thus, phonemic awareness stands apart as a foundational skill rather than a strategy for interpreting and making sense of written text.