Which memory technique is more effective for storing information long-term?

Elaborative rehearsal is considered more effective for long-term storage of information because it involves a deeper level of processing. This technique requires the individual to make connections between new information and existing knowledge, often by elaborating on the material through examples, analogies, or personal relevance. By integrating new information with what is already known, elaborative rehearsal enhances understanding and creates more meaningful associations, which leads to stronger memory retention.

In contrast, maintenance rehearsal focuses on the rote repetition of information without deeper engagement. While it can temporarily keep information accessible, it does not significantly enhance long-term retention since it lacks the richness of connection-making inherent to elaborative rehearsal. Passive listening entails hearing information without active engagement or processing, which is less effective for encoding information into memory. Random association can be somewhat beneficial but often lacks the structured approach of elaborative rehearsal, making it less reliable for long-term retention. Therefore, the use of elaborative rehearsal effectively fosters better retention and recall of information over extended periods.