What refers to the retrieval of sound-based codes from memory?

The retrieval of sound-based codes from memory is best described as phonological access. This concept relates to the ability to access and manipulate the sound structures of language stored in memory. Phonological access involves retrieving the auditory patterns that comprise spoken words, allowing an individual to recognize and produce language effectively. It is crucial for various language tasks such as reading, writing, and verbal communication, as it enables a connection between written symbols and their corresponding sounds.

The other options, while related to sound processing and memory, do not specifically capture the concept of retrieving these sound-based codes in the same way. For example, sound recognition pertains more to identifying existing sounds rather than accessing the underlying phonological structures. Phonemic recall focuses on specific phonemes or distinct units of sound but may not encompass the broader retrieval processes involved. Audio coding, although related to sound processing, is not typically used to describe the cognitive retrieval aspect that phonological access signifies.