What is the definition of phonograms in reading?

Phonograms refer to specific letter combinations that represent sounds within words, often focusing on patterns in spelling that occur frequently in the English language. The correct option highlights phonograms as endings of words with variable consonants, illustrating how these letter combinations can aid in recognizing familiar sounds and word structures, especially when teaching reading and spelling.

Phonograms typically consist of a vowel followed by one or more consonants, and they are essential for understanding how to decode words efficiently. By recognizing these patterns, readers can apply their knowledge of phonograms to read and understand new vocabulary more successfully.

The other options do not accurately represent the definition of phonograms. For instance, designating letters that signify pauses in reading misrepresents the phonogram's purpose, as pauses are usually indicated by punctuation rather than by letter groups. Additionally, stating that phonograms only concern words starting with vowels or clusters of vowels fails to encompass their full definition, which includes a variety of consonantal endings that can follow the vowel. Therefore, identifying phonograms as endings of words with variable consonants captures their role in phonetic analysis and the development of reading skills.