What is the component of the memory system that retains information for about 20 seconds?

The component of the memory system that retains information for about 20 seconds is short-term memory. Short-term memory is characterized by its ability to hold a limited amount of information for a brief duration, typically around 20 to 30 seconds, unless the information is actively rehearsed or encoded into long-term storage. This type of memory allows for the temporary storage and processing of information, making it essential for tasks such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it or keeping information in mind while completing a specific task.

While working memory is closely related to short-term memory and often used interchangeably in casual conversation, it specifically refers to the active manipulation of information held in short-term memory, rather than mere retention. Sensory memory, on the other hand, involves the brief retention of sensory information (such as sights and sounds) lasting only milliseconds to a few seconds. Long-term memory is designed for storing information for extended periods, potentially for a lifetime, which is significantly longer than the duration associated with short-term memory.